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“To Sleep…Perchance to Dream” (1966) is a black-and-white educational film illuminating a series of groundbreaking sleep studies and sleep study experiments conducted at UCLA. The film follows a group of doctors and sleep scientists like Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman (University of Chicago), Dr. William DeMent (Stanford University), and Dr. Anthony Kales (UCLA) among others as they seek to answer different questions such as can science predict exactly when you have a dream? How are we affected physically when we dream? When do we develop the capacity to dream? And what happens when we are deprived of REM sleep? Narrated by Jackson Beck, the film highlights four test subjects ranging in age from a 3-day-old infant to an 84-year-old man as they undergo experiments to answer these questions. The film was produced by Harold Mayer, directed by Arthur Swerdloff, and was written by Lynne Rhodes Mayer. It was made possible from a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health and also worked with consultants Dr. Julius Segal and Gay Gaer Luce.
Film opens, opening credits (0:06). Footage opens to young man (Joel) wearing medical gown, electrodes taped to head; Doctors and scientists in controlled lab setting (0:35). Scientist explains to Joel function/ use of electrodes; Eugene Aserinsky 1953 discovery of rapid eye movements during sleep (REM) (1:06). Close-up of Joel as he sleeps, example of REM (1:49). REM recorded on electroencephalogram (EEG) (2:03). Close-up Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman (2:10). Continuation of credits (2:36). Team of scientists: Dr. Kleitman, Dr. William DeMent, Dr. Alan Jacobson, Dr. Anthony Kales (3:04). Dr. Jacobson’s 11-year-old daughter, Denise, as test subject, doctors attach electrode monitors to face and head by Dr. Kales (3:29). Denise’s EEG changes from quiet sleep patterns to more intense peaks and valleys denoting REM period; Denise abruptly woken up and asked to recall dream (5:21). Return to second test subject, Joel, Dr. DeMent talks to camera about how often we dream during sleep cycle (7:08). After following EEG, Dr. DeMent wakes Joel and asks him to recall dream; Process repeated three times (8:04). Third test subject, Mr. Bates (elderly man), arrives for experiment; Doctors get him set up (11:07). Close-up of EEG, doctor explains difference in dream patterns among the elderly (12:21). Doctor wakes up Mr. Bates has him recall dream; End of experiment Mr. Bates also asked what he dreamt of (12:41). Start of new experiment day (“night”) focused on how we are affected physically when we dream; Member of doctor team (Dr. Wilson) has ulcer and will participate in sleep experiment (15:06). Dr. Wilson set up with equipment, including stomach tube attached to flask (15:41). Close-up Dr. Wilson’s eyes as he is in REM cycle; Awakened by doctors and asked about dream; Despite stress on body Dr. Wilson’s dream was positive (17:09). Narrator explains that dream state is a state of stress (18:22). Dr. Arthur H. Parmelee assesses infant test subject before experiment; Doctor reads EEG of infant (20:04). Back to test subject Joel, Dr. DeMent repeatedly wakes up Joel, preventing him from reaching REM sleep and dreaming (21:26). Dr. DeMent discusses impact of lack of sleep at night on sleep researchers and doctors (24:20). Joel's body responds to disruption by trying to produce REM sleep in shorter spans of time; Joel begins to show signs of anxiety, paranoia (25:35). Total REM deprivation study too dangerous, Dr. DeMent explains that they are currently experimenting with cats (26:58). Closing credits (28:34).
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