This is the 2nd gemstone video! In this one, I briefly recap what gemstones are and the variety of ways in which gemstones can form, and then I focus on 8 specific gemstone examples-- opal, citrine, amethyst, moonstone, onyx, pearl, coral, & amber-- to discuss how each of these gems form, how they get there beautiful colors and optical properties, & more!
If you're more interested in the list of high T & P igneous & metamorphic gemstones, including diamond, ruby, sapphire, tourmaline, emerald, aquamarine, garnet, peridot, topaz, lapis lazuli, & turquoise, check out that video here: • How Gemstones Form From Igneous & Met...
References:
Earth Materials: Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology textbook: amzn.to/3WFVSXK
Hurlbut & Kammerling, 1991 (Gemology)- amzn.to/42cqfpS
Groat, 2008 (Geology of gem deposits)- doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0224-0
Schumann, 2017 (Gemstones of the World: Newly Revised & Expanded Fourth Edition)- amzn.to/3qh2eRD
Fan, 2018 (Precious Coral)- dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73149
Langenheim, 2003 (Plant resins: chemistry, evolution, ecology, and ethnobotany)- doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch103
GEO GIRL Website: www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, & donate to support the channel if you'd like!)
0:00 What are Gemstones?
0:33 How do Gemstones Form?
3:19 List of Gemstones
4:09 How Opal Forms
6:43 How Amethyst & Citrine Form
8:30 How Moonstone Forms
10:40 How Onyx Forms
13:26 How Pearl Forms
15:10 How Coral Forms
17:18 How Amber Forms
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Non-textbook books I recommend:
Oxygen by D. Canfield: amzn.to/3gffbCL
Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: amzn.to/3w3hC1I
Life on young planet by A. Knoll: amzn.to/2RBMpny
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Your inner fish by N. Shubin: amzn.to/3cpw3Wb
Oxygen by N. Lane: amzn.to/3z4FgwZ
Alien Oceans by K. Hand: amzn.to/3clMx1l
Life's Engines: amzn.to/3w1Nhke
Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student:
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Geological hand lens: amzn.to/3jXysM5
Camera: amzn.to/3l6fGRT
Carbon-neutral pencil bag: shrsl.com/3cvjv
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GEO GIRL