The Tiwanaku civilization emerged in a region long inhabited by Andean Highlanders, whose genetic history stretches back at least 9,000 years. A pivotal study published in 2020 analyzed ancient DNA from 89 individuals across the Andes, including samples from the Central Andes highlands of Peru dating to 9,000 years ago. The ancient city of Tiwanaku, nestled in the high Andes of modern-day Bolivia, stands as a testament to one of the most remarkable pre-Columbian civilizations in South America. The builders of Tiwanaku constructed monumental stone structures, such as the Gateway of the Sun, at an elevation of 3,850 meters (roughly 12,631 feet) above sea level.
Mysterious Origins