RNAP nucleotide addition cycle, NusG-dependent pausing, and escape from the paused transcription.

RNAP swiveling is an intrinsic motion of bacterial RNAP and is directly linked to the trigger loop folding during the RNAP nucleotide addition cycle. NusG-dependent pausing mechanism by which NusG-ntDNA interaction inhibits the RNAP swiveling, thereby preventing trigger loop folding and RNA synthesis allosterically.